Marketing

Business Model

Publication in this journal is free of charge. This journal is supported by Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Advertising

This journal does not accept advertising. It is committed to an advertisement-free environment to maintain its independence and focus on scholarly merit, with editorial decisions made without commercial influence.

Direct marketing

This journal is promoted to potential authors, editors, or reviewers through email campaigns, social media outreach, or messages about new issues, call for papers, new initiatives, news, announcement etc.